What Does CDPAP Stand For?

Discover what CDPAP stands for and how it empowers individuals with personalized care options. Unveiling the benefits, qualifications, and program details.

The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only. If you have medical questions or concerns, please contact a qualified health care professional.
Before beginning any new exercise program, it's essential to seek advice from your healthcare provider to ensure it's safe and appropriate for your individual health condition and fitness level.

Understanding CDPAP

To fully comprehend the concept of CDPAP, it is important to decode the acronym and understand the purpose behind this program.

Decoding CDPAP

CDPAP stands for Consumer Directed Personal Assistance Program. This program, available in New York State, enables individuals in need of home care services to have more control over their care by allowing them to recruit, hire, and direct their own personal caregivers. CDPAP gives consumers the ability to choose caregivers, including family members, and compensates them for their caregiving services. This program provides a unique opportunity for individuals to have a more active role in determining their care needs.

Purpose of CDPAP

The primary purpose of the Consumer Directed Personal Assistance Program (CDPAP) is to empower individuals in need of home care services to have greater control and independence in managing their care. By allowing consumers to choose and hire their own caregivers, CDPAP aims to enhance the quality of care and provide a more personalized approach to home care.

CDPAP recognizes that individuals are the best judges of their own needs and preferences when it comes to receiving care. By giving them the authority to select their caregivers, consumers can ensure that their specific requirements and preferences are met. This program also allows family members to be compensated for the care they provide, fostering a supportive environment for individuals to receive care from their loved ones.

Overall, CDPAP provides an alternative to traditional home care models by putting the decision-making power in the hands of the individuals who need care. It aims to promote a sense of autonomy and dignity while ensuring that individuals receive the necessary assistance to maintain their well-being at home.

Who Qualifies for CDPAP

The Consumer Directed Personal Assistance Program (CDPAP) is a New York State Medicaid initiative that provides individuals with the ability to choose and hire their own personal caregiver. CDPAP offers a unique approach to home care, allowing individuals to have more control and flexibility over their care.

Eligibility Criteria

To be eligible for the CDPAP program, individuals must meet certain criteria. While the specific requirements may vary, the following general eligibility criteria apply:

  • Medicaid Coverage: Individuals must have Medicaid coverage to be eligible for CDPAP. Medicaid funding helps offset the cost of personal aides, who are not required to be healthcare or medical professionals. This allows individuals with chronic illnesses or disabilities to access proper in-home healthcare services.
  • Self-Directive or Designated Representative: To participate in CDPAP, individuals must be self-directive or have a designated representative. This means they have the ability to make decisions regarding their care and choose their own caregivers. This level of control allows individuals to tailor their personal care services to their specific needs and preferences while remaining in familiar environments, promoting independence and freedom.

Medically Qualified Individuals

CDPAP is open to any adult who is legally able to work, including family members. For example, parents can hire their children as paid family caregivers. This inclusive approach allows individuals to receive care from someone they trust and are comfortable with, enhancing the overall caregiving experience.

Medicaid Coverage

CDPAP is funded by Medicaid, meaning there is no additional cost to the beneficiary of the home care service. Medicaid covers the expenses associated with personal caregivers, making it an accessible option for individuals who need in-home care. This coverage ensures that individuals can receive the care they need without facing financial burdens.

By meeting the eligibility criteria and having Medicaid coverage, individuals can access the CDPAP program. This innovative program empowers individuals to take charge of their own care, choose their caregivers, and receive personalized care tailored to their unique needs and preferences.

Benefits of CDPAP

CDPAP (Consumer Directed Personal Assistance Program) offers several benefits that make it a preferred choice for individuals in need of long-term care. Let's explore some of the key advantages of CDPAP:

Personalized Caregiver Selection

One of the significant benefits of CDPAP is the ability for individuals to choose their own caregivers. Unlike traditional homecare agencies, CDPAP allows senior citizens to hire family members, close friends, or individuals of their choosing as caregivers [5]. This personalized approach to caregiver selection can have psychological and emotional benefits as it maintains familiarity and enhances self-worth, dignity, and control over one's own life.

Control Over Care Plan

With CDPAP, individuals have greater control over their care plan. They can actively participate in creating a flexible care plan that meets their specific needs. Family and friends can provide care in a more personalized manner without undergoing formal training, ensuring care from trusted individuals. This level of involvement in the care planning process empowers individuals to make decisions that align with their preferences and lifestyle.

Independence and Flexibility

CDPAP enables senior citizens to have control over their schedule and routine, granting them the ability to receive care and attention on their terms. They can make changes to their everyday routine and adjust the amount of care received accordingly. This independence and flexibility provide individuals with the freedom to live their lives more comfortably while still receiving the necessary care and support.

The benefits of CDPAP extend beyond personalized caregiver selection, control over care plans, and independence. This program offers the advantage of ensuring consistent care coverage by allowing patients to hire multiple aides, preventing situations where traditional homecare agencies may fail to provide promised care during weekends or holidays. Moreover, caregivers under the CDPAP program can provide services typically offered by a home health agency without the need for specific licenses or certifications, making it more accessible for family members or friends to become caregivers.

With its focus on personalized care, individual empowerment, and flexibility, CDPAP continues to be a valuable option for those seeking long-term care solutions.

How CDPAP Works

CDPAP, which stands for Consumer Directed Personal Assistance Program, is a Medicaid initiative in New York State that allows individuals to have control over their personal caregiver selection and care plan. Let's explore how CDPAP works in terms of the hiring process, training and support, and Medicaid funding.

Hiring Process

Under CDPAP, the consumer has the freedom to choose their personal caregiver. This can include family members, friends, or other individuals who meet the eligibility criteria. One of the key advantages of CDPAP is that no license or certification is required to be a CDPAP Personal Assistant. All necessary training is provided on-site by the consumer or their doctor.

The hiring process involves the consumer identifying potential caregivers and conducting interviews to find the most suitable candidate. This level of involvement ensures that the consumer has a say in who provides their care, promoting a comfortable and trusting relationship.

Training and Support

Once a caregiver is selected, they receive training to ensure they are equipped with the necessary skills to meet the consumer's specific care needs. The training is provided by the consumer or their doctor and can cover a range of tasks, such as administering medication, assisting with personal hygiene, or providing mobility support.

In addition to the initial training, ongoing support is available to both the consumer and the caregiver. This support can come in the form of regular check-ins, access to a helpline for any questions or concerns, and assistance with scheduling and coordination.

Medicaid Funding

One of the significant advantages of CDPAP is that it is fully funded by Medicaid. This means that there is no additional cost to the beneficiary of the home care service. Medicaid covers the expenses related to the caregiver's wages, along with any necessary equipment or supplies.

By utilizing Medicaid funding, CDPAP enables individuals to receive the care they need without the financial burden that may come with traditional homecare services. This allows consumers to have control over their care while maintaining their financial stability.

Understanding how CDPAP works in terms of the hiring process, training and support, and Medicaid funding provides individuals with a clearer picture of this consumer-driven program. By empowering individuals to choose their caregivers and actively participate in their care plan, CDPAP offers a personalized and flexible approach to home care.

CDPAP vs Traditional Homecare

When comparing CDPAP (Consumer Directed Personal Assistance Program) with traditional homecare, there are several key differences to consider. Understanding these distinctions can help individuals make informed decisions about their care options.

Key Differences

CDPAP, as the name suggests, puts the consumer in control of their personal assistance program. In contrast, traditional homecare agencies have more control and direct the care for the patient. This fundamental difference in control and decision-making is one of the primary distinctions between the two options.

Freedom and Autonomy

One significant advantage of CDPAP is the freedom and autonomy it provides to patients. Under CDPAP, individuals have the freedom to choose who works for them, whether it's a family member or friend, without requiring official Home Health Aide training. This enables the individual to hire someone who genuinely cares about them, fostering a stronger connection and personalized care experience.

Additionally, patients under CDPAP have the liberty to select the schedule of the aide, allowing complete control over when the aide works. This includes the ability to split shifts or have the aide come in at specific times, providing a high level of flexibility and independence. In contrast, traditional homecare agencies often have more rigid schedules and may not accommodate specific preferences as easily.

Consistency and Flexibility

CDPAP offers the advantage of ensuring consistent care coverage by allowing patients to hire multiple aides as needed. This prevents situations where traditional homecare agencies may fail to provide aides as promised, leaving patients without necessary care during weekends or holidays. The ability to hire multiple aides provides a safety net of care and helps maintain a consistent level of support.

Furthermore, CDPAP allows individuals to choose the tasks they want the aide to perform, which includes activities like running errands or accompanying to appointments. This level of customization is often restricted in traditional homecare agencies, where the care plan may be more standardized. With CDPAP, patients have the flexibility to tailor their care to their specific needs and preferences, resulting in a more personalized and satisfactory care experience.

In summary, CDPAP stands out from traditional homecare due to its emphasis on consumer control, freedom, autonomy, and flexibility. By allowing individuals to choose their caregivers, determine their tasks, and have more control over scheduling, CDPAP offers a more personalized and empowering care experience.

CDPAP Program Details

To understand the Consumer Directed Personal Assistance Program (CDPAP) fully, it's important to delve into the program's Medicaid involvement, the role of fiscal intermediaries, and the program's availability in different locations.

Medicaid Involvement

CDPAP is a New York State Medicaid initiative that allows consumers to choose and hire their own personal caregiver. As a Medicaid-funded program, CDPAP provides home care services without any extra cost to the beneficiary. It operates as a Medicaid State Plan service, meaning it follows all applicable CDPAP assessment and authorization processes and policies set by the state.

Fiscal Intermediary Role

In the CDPAP program, a fiscal intermediary (FI) plays a crucial role. The FI is responsible for handling administrative tasks such as payroll, taxes, and training for the personal caregivers chosen by the consumers. Edison Home Health Care, a New York-based company, serves as a Fiscal Intermediary (FI) for the CDPAP program in New York. They have been a leader in the New York home care industry since 2008, providing home care services and facilitating CDPAP services for thousands of consumers across the state.

Locations and Accreditations

The CDPAP program is available in various locations throughout New York State. This includes all five New York City boroughs (Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island), as well as cities like Yonkers, Buffalo, Rochester, Albany, and Syracuse, along with many counties in New York.

Edison Home Health Care, the FI for the CDPAP program, emphasizes quality care and is accredited by The Joint Commission. The Joint Commission is known for its high standards in healthcare accreditation, ensuring that the home care services provided by Edison Home Health Care meet rigorous quality criteria.

By understanding the Medicaid involvement in the CDPAP program, the role of fiscal intermediaries, and the program's availability in different locations, individuals can make informed decisions about utilizing the program to meet their home care needs.

References

More Resources

Games for Alzheimer Patients

Games for Alzheimer Patients

Discover engaging games for Alzheimer patients to boost brain health and cognitive benefits efficiently.

Agency Home Care

Agency Home Care

Discover the essence of agency home care services. Unveil Ohio's mandates and the art of enhancing care plans in home care.

In-Home Nurse Cost

In-Home Nurse Cost

Discover in-home nurse cost breakdowns, funding options & comparative care expenses for informed decisions.

Home Health Insurance

Home Health Insurance

Discover the ins and outs of home health insurance, from Medicare coverage to plan types and costs. Secure your peace of mind today!

How Much Does In-Home Care Cost Per Month

How Much Does In-Home Care Cost Per Month

Discover the monthly costs of in-home care. Get insights on factors, state disparities, and managing expenses.

Personal Home Care Assistance

Personal Home Care Assistance

Discover the essential role of personal home care assistance and how it enhances safety and well-being at home.

Residential Home Carer

Residential Home Carer

Discover the role of a residential home carer and the essential skills needed to provide quality care.

Home Care Agency Chicago

Home Care Agency Chicago

Discover top-rated home care agency services in Chicago with exceptional care and personalized attention.

Care at Home Services

Care at Home Services

Discover expert insights on care at home services, from financial assistance to choosing the right customized care plan.

Caregiving Agency

Caregiving Agency

Discover the world of caregiving agencies - from services offered to financial impacts. Find your perfect match today!

24 Hour In-Home Care Cost

24 Hour In-Home Care Cost

Discover the definitive guide to 24-hour in-home care costs and financial assistance options for quality care.

Activities For Elderly with Dementia

Activities For Elderly with Dementia

Engage elderly with dementia through stimulating activities to enhance their cognitive function and emotional well-being.

How Much is Home Health Care

How Much is Home Health Care

Discover the costs of home health care and navigate through Medicaid coverage and financial assistance options efficiently.

In-Home Adult Care

In-Home Adult Care

Discover the essentials of in-home adult care: services, qualifications, costs, and funding options for caregivers.

Multiple Sclerosis vs ALS

Multiple Sclerosis vs ALS

Comparing multiple sclerosis vs ALS: Uncover the differences in symptoms, management, and future perspectives.

Home Health Care Austin

Home Health Care Austin

Discover top-tier home health care in Austin with licensed experts. Uncover personalized services for your loved ones.

Home Care Atlanta

Home Care Atlanta

Discover top home care services in Atlanta, from regulations to caregiver options for your loved ones.

Home Care Cost

Home Care Cost

Navigate home care costs with expert insight! Discover pricing factors, financial planning, and more.

Healing Foods After Surgery

Healing Foods After Surgery

Discover healing foods after surgery for optimum recovery. From proteins to hydration, fuel your body's mending journey effectively.

Best Food After Surgery

Best Food After Surgery

Discover the best food after surgery for a speedy recovery. Hydrate, nourish, and heal your way back to wellness.

Home Care Seattle

Home Care Seattle

Discover senior homecare in Seattle! Dive into costs, licensing, and exceptional care providers in the city.

Games for Elderly with Dementia

Games for Elderly with Dementia

Discover engaging games for elderly with dementia, providing cognitive benefits and boosting mood.

ADL Care

ADL Care

Discover the essentials of ADL care for senior homecare. Assessments, services, and the future of in-home support.

Home Care Denver

Home Care Denver

Discover home care options in Denver with insights on costs, providers, and empowering services for seniors.

Healthcare Home

Healthcare Home

Discover healthcare home services for comprehensive patient-centered care. Enhance wellness with skilled therapies & electronic records.

Senior Home Assistance

Senior Home Assistance

Discover the world of senior home assistance: from caregiver training to costs and challenges in affording care.

In-Home Care in Pasadena CA

In-Home Care in Pasadena CA

Discover top-tier in-home care options in Pasadena, CA. Compare costs, find quality caregivers, and make informed decisions.

Home Health Care Aides

Home Health Care Aides

Discover the vital role of home health care aides in personalized care. Elevate comfort, support, and safety!

Post Surgery Diet

Post Surgery Diet

Discover the optimal post-surgery diet for a speedy recovery. Essential nutrients and healing foods explained for your well-being.

In-Home Nursing Care For Elderly

In-Home Nursing Care For Elderly

Unlock the benefits of in-home nursing care for the elderly. Discover services, roles, and financing options!

24-Hour Nursing Care at Home

24-Hour Nursing Care at Home

Discover the benefits of 24-hour nursing care at home. Get insights on personalized care plans and tailored homecare solutions.

Home Care Austin TX

Home Care Austin TX

Discover home care in Austin, TX - costs, options, and support programs for your loved ones' well-being.

Assistance in Home Care

Assistance in Home Care

Discover the essentials of assistance in home care. Uncover Medicare coverage, costs, and the impact of professional caregivers.

Mini Strokes in Elderly

Mini Strokes in Elderly

Discover vital insights on mini strokes in the elderly: symptoms, treatment, and prevention strategies for better health!

Private Nurses For Home Care

Private Nurses For Home Care

Discover the benefits of private nurses for home care. Get expert medical assistance for your loved ones.

Elder In-Home Care

Elder In-Home Care

Discover the benefits of elder in-home care: from caregiver qualifications to financial aspects and overcoming care challenges.

Things to do with Dementia Patients

Things to do with Dementia Patients

Discover engaging activities and effective communication strategies for dementia patients - enhancing care and quality of life.

Home Nursing Agency

Home Nursing Agency

Discover all about home nursing agencies - from recruitment to quality measures to the role of home health nurses.

In-Home Care Services Cost

In-Home Care Services Cost

Discover the in-home care services cost breakdown! Uncover options, factors, and assistance programs.

Senior Personal care

Senior Personal care

Discover the essentials of senior personal care: hygiene, meal prep, and a reliable support system for optimal well-being.

Home Care Dallas

Home Care Dallas

Discover comprehensive home care services in Dallas, TX. From cost factors to immediate referrals, get expert insights here!

Homestead Home Care

Homestead Home Care

Discover top-notch Homestead Home Care services with tailored care plans and round-the-clock support for your loved ones.

At Home Wound Care

At Home Wound Care

Master at-home wound care: from basics of cleaning and bandaging to identifying chronic wounds and tetanus prevention.

Service Care

Service Care

Dive into the world of service care with insights on customer care, metrics, and effective strategies for quality improvement.

Welcome Home Care

Welcome Home Care

Discover Welcome Home Care's unique approach to compassionate support and quality services for your loved ones.

In-Home Nursing Care Costs

In-Home Nursing Care Costs

Discover in-home nursing care costs and financial support options for your loved ones' quality care.

Home Health Care Omaha

Home Health Care Omaha

Discover trusted home health care services in Omaha. From skilled nursing to specialized care, find the support you need.

Home Health Aide Cost

Home Health Aide Cost

Discover the ins and outs of home health aide cost. Unravel pricing structures and affordability strategies today!

Home Nurse Cost

Home Nurse Cost

Discover the ins and outs of home nurse cost - From Medicare coverage to insurance considerations, we've got you covered!

How Much Does 24 Hour In-Home Care Cost

How Much Does 24 Hour In-Home Care Cost

Discover the cost of 24-hour in-home care services. Compare rates, assistance options, and budget tips here!

Home Care Assistance Jobs

Home Care Assistance Jobs

Discover rewarding home care assistance jobs: from qualifications to growth opportunities and overcoming challenges in caregiving.

Private Nurses

Private Nurses

Discover the world of private nurses: roles, benefits, services, and legal aspects for optimal care.

Home Care Options

Home Care Options

Discover comprehensive home care options - from medical to non-medical services, Medicare coverage, and choosing quality care providers.

Senior Care Austin TX

Senior Care Austin TX

Discover comprehensive senior care options in Austin, TX. From assisted living to nursing homes, find the best care for your loved ones.

How Long Do People Live After a Stroke

How Long Do People Live After a Stroke

Discover how long people live after a stroke. Unravel survival rates, recovery, prevention, and quality of life insights.

Alzheimer's Activities

Alzheimer's Activities

Engage and stimulate with Alzheimer's activities for a brighter tomorrow. Uncover tips for quality living.

ALS vs MS Symptoms

ALS vs MS Symptoms

Discover the contrast between ALS and MS symptoms, unraveling their impact and management strategies efficiently.

Care Company

Care Company

Discover the essence of a top-tier care company - Providing unparalleled support and making each day count.

In-Home Assistance

In-Home Assistance

Discover the ins and outs of in-home assistance services for a comfortable and supported living environment

In-Home Home Care

In-Home Home Care

Discover the benefits of in-home care services for personalized, compassionate support where it matters most.

How to Calm Agitated Dementia Patient

How to Calm Agitated Dementia Patient

Discover effective ways to calm agitated dementia patients with expert strategies. Find peace and connection.

Life Expectancy After a Stroke

Life Expectancy After a Stroke

Discover life expectancy after a stroke: survival rates, factors influencing outcome, and quality of life post-stroke.

Senior Home Care Companies

Senior Home Care Companies

Discover top senior home care companies and home safety tips for older adults. Stay informed on trends shaping the industry.

Homecare Professionals

Homecare Professionals

Discover the world of homecare professionals: essential skills, trends, and the future of senior care.

Home Care Houston

Home Care Houston

Discover top-notch home care services in Houston. From regulations to cost considerations, find the best care for your loved ones.

Fall Prevention at Home in the Elderly

Fall Prevention at Home in the Elderly

Discover effective fall prevention strategies for the elderly at home. Ensure safety with tailored plans and smart technology.

Home Care in Austin TX

Home Care in Austin TX

Discover home care options in Austin TX - from regulations to services, find the right support for your loved ones.

Games to Play with Dementia Patients

Games to Play with Dementia Patients

Discover engaging games to play with dementia patients, promoting cognitive health and social interaction.

Home Care Assistance Agency

Home Care Assistance Agency

Discover how a home care assistance agency can provide essential support for seniors aging in place.

Cost of 24-Hour Home Care

Cost of 24-Hour Home Care

Discover the cost of 24-hour home care: from hourly rates to long-term projections, all you need to know!

Home Care San Antonio TX

Home Care San Antonio TX

Discover top home care agencies in San Antonio TX, with personalized services for maintaining independence.

Food After Surgery

Food After Surgery

Discover the essential guide to food after surgery for optimal recovery and healing. Nutrition tips for your postoperative journey!

In-Home Elder Care Services

In-Home Elder Care Services

Discover in-home elder care services - personalized care, Medicaid coverage, and more for senior loved ones.

Activities for Dementia

Activities for Dementia

Discover engaging activities for dementia patients, from physical exercises to therapeutic approaches for their well-being.

Sudden Dementia

Sudden Dementia

Discover the causes and management of sudden dementia, from diagnosis to preventative measures. Understand the urgency.

Home Health Care Services

Home Health Care Services

Discover the benefits of home health care services, from independence and comfort to financial considerations. Find the best option for you!

NHTD Waiver Program Benefits

NHTD Waiver Program Benefits

Discover the benefits of the NHTD Waiver Program! Gain autonomy, housing subsidy, and access to essential services for enhanced independence.

Private Duty Care

Private Duty Care

Discover the benefits of private duty care and navigate the financial aspects of home care services efficiently.

Games for Seniors with Dementia

Games for Seniors with Dementia

Discover engaging games for seniors with dementia! Stimulate memories and enhance cognitive skills through fun activities.

Home Health Care Aide

Home Health Care Aide

Discover the essential role of a home health care aide and the benefits they bring to your loved ones' well-being.

Private Pay Home Care

Private Pay Home Care

Discover the benefits of private pay home care, from tailored solutions to personalized providers, for peace of mind and quality assistance.

Life Expectancy After Stroke at 60

Life Expectancy After Stroke at 60

Explore life expectancy after stroke at 60: insights into survival rates, factors influencing outcomes, and preventive strategies.

Private Home Care Services

Private Home Care Services

Discover the benefits of private home care services: eligibility, costs, trends, and challenges faced by caregivers.

Games for People with Dementia

Games for People with Dementia

Discover engaging games for people with dementia, enhancing cognitive function and emotional well-being.

In-Home Care Services for Seniors

In-Home Care Services for Seniors

Discover comprehensive in-home care services for seniors, including financial assistance options and safety measures.

In-Home Health Care for Seniors

In-Home Health Care for Seniors

Discover the benefits and costs of in-home health care for seniors. Make informed care decisions today!

In-Home Nursing Care Cost

In-Home Nursing Care Cost

Navigate in-home nursing care costs with insights on expenses, services, and financing options for your peace of mind.

Nurse at Home

Nurse at Home

Discover the impact of nurse at home services, from patient safety to Medicare coverage and more.

Caregiving Agencies

Caregiving Agencies

Discover top caregiving agencies! Learn how to ensure quality care and support for your loved ones.

Home Health Care Costs

Home Health Care Costs

Unlock the mysteries of home health care costs and navigate financial strategies with ease.

How Much Does Home Health Care Cost

How Much Does Home Health Care Cost

Unveil the mystery of home health care costs! Explore factors, coverage options, and government assistance in one informative read.

Memory Care Activities

Memory Care Activities

Discover effective memory care activities to enhance quality of life and promote cognitive well-being. Practical tips and therapeutic approaches included!

In-Home Senior Care Cost

In-Home Senior Care Cost

Explore in-home senior care costs nationwide and strategies to manage expenses effectively. Decode care pricing now!

24-Hour Care at Home

24-Hour Care at Home

Discover the benefits of 24-hour care at home - personalized support for enhanced quality of life!

Home Elderly Care

Home Elderly Care

Discover home elderly care options, services, caregiver training, and job opportunities for personalized care.

Activities for Seniors with Dementia

Activities for Seniors with Dementia

Discover engaging activities for seniors with dementia to enhance their quality of life through sensory stimulation, exercise, and therapy.

HHA Job Description

HHA Job Description

Discover the diverse role of a Home Health Aide - from responsibilities to growth opportunities. Explore now!

Life Expectancy After Frontal Lobe Stroke

Life Expectancy After Frontal Lobe Stroke

Discover life expectancy after frontal lobe stroke: insights on survival, recovery, and optimizing recovery strategies.

Home Health Nurses

Home Health Nurses

Discover the vital role of home health nurses in personalized care at home for improved well-being.

Private Home Care for Elderly

Private Home Care for Elderly

Discover the benefits of private home care for elderly individuals. Enhance healing, ensure family involvement, and receive personalized attention!