Cost of 24-Hour Home Care

Discover the cost of 24-hour home care: from hourly rates to long-term projections, all you need to know!

The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only. If you have medical questions or concerns, please contact a qualified health care professional.
Before beginning any new exercise program, it's essential to seek advice from your healthcare provider to ensure it's safe and appropriate for your individual health condition and fitness level.

Understanding Home Care Costs

When considering the cost of 24-hour home care for seniors, it's essential to delve into the financial aspects to make informed decisions. Two key components to understand are the median hourly rate for home care and the total daily and weekly costs associated with round-the-clock care.

Median Hourly Rate for Home Care

The national median cost of 24/7 home care in 2024 is approximately $30 per hour, as reported by A Place for Mom. This hourly rate serves as a baseline for calculating the overall expenses of providing continuous care for seniors within the comfort of their own homes. It's important to note that variations in this rate can occur based on location, the level of support required, and the specific services provided.

Total Daily and Weekly Costs

Based on the $30 hourly rate, the total daily cost of 24/7 in-home care amounts to around $720 per day, totaling approximately $5,040 per week. The median monthly cost of 24/7 home care is estimated to be around $21,823, varying by location and the intensity of support needed. These costs may fluctuate depending on factors such as the number of caregivers required, the type of services rendered, and whether a private caregiver or a home care agency is engaged.

As seniors' needs evolve and more specialized care becomes necessary, costs may escalate. Higher prices may be incurred when seeking professionals trained in cognitive support, certified nursing assistants, or patient care assistants, as highlighted by Care.com. Understanding these expenses is paramount for individuals and families planning for long-term care solutions that meet their financial and caregiving requirements effectively.

Factors Influencing Home Care Expenses

When considering the cost of 24-hour home care, several key factors play a significant role in determining the overall expenses. Two crucial influencers are the location where the care is provided and the level of support needed to assist the individual adequately.

Location Impact on Costs

Home care costs can vary considerably based on the geographic location in which the services are rendered. According to the Genworth Cost of Care Survey as referenced in Genworth, this survey provides a detailed analysis of long-term care costs in various regions across the United States. The cost discrepancies are attributed to differences in the cost of living, local demand for care services, and regional regulations affecting healthcare costs.

For instance, hourly rates for home care in Houston may differ significantly from rates for home care in Austin, TX or home care in San Antonio, TX. These disparities stem from variations in economic conditions, availability of homecare professionals, and the general cost of healthcare services in different parts of the country.

Level of Support Needed

The extent of assistance and support required by an individual also plays a crucial role in determining the overall expenses associated with 24-hour home care. The national median cost of 24/7 home care in 2024 stands at $30 per hour, totaling about $720 per day or $5,040 per week. These costs can vary based on the complexity of care needed, the individual's medical conditions, and the level of supervision required.

Factors such as fall prevention at home in the elderly or addressing the needs of dementia patients who may require specialized care and attention can impact the overall cost of home care services. Additionally, the caregiver's experience, skills, and the care recipient's specific needs will also influence the level of support required and, consequently, the associated costs.

It is essential to assess the precise needs of the individual requiring care and consider the location where the services will be provided to gain a comprehensive understanding of the cost implications of 24-hour home care. By evaluating these key factors, individuals and families can make informed decisions regarding the most suitable and cost-effective home care options for their loved ones.

Alternatives to 24-Hour Home Care

When considering the cost of 24-hour home care, it's essential to explore alternative care options that may better suit your budget and requirements. Two common alternatives to round-the-clock home care are assisted living facilities and live-in care. Understanding the costs associated with these alternatives can help you make an informed decision about the best care option for your needs.

Assisted Living Cost Comparison

Assisted living facilities provide a supportive living environment for seniors who need assistance with daily activities but do not require 24-hour medical care. The national median cost of assisted living in 2024 is $4,995 per month. This cost includes accommodation, meals, personal care services, and social activities. For some families, assisted living may be a more cost-effective option compared to 24/7 home care. Here is a cost comparison table to provide a clearer picture:

Care OptionAverage Monthly Cost24-Hour Home Care$5,040Assisted Living$4,995

Considering the services and amenities provided in assisted living facilities, the cost may be more manageable for individuals who do not require continuous in-home care but still need assistance with daily tasks.

Considerations for Live-In Care

Another alternative to 24-hour home care is live-in care, where a caregiver resides in the senior's home and provides assistance during specified shifts. This option allows seniors to receive care in the comfort of their own homes without the need for constant supervision.

Hiring a live-in caregiver could be a more economical choice compared to round-the-clock home care. By providing care on a live-in basis, seniors receive personalized attention and support while maintaining their independence. Live-in care offers a cost-effective solution for individuals who do not require continuous monitoring but benefit from having assistance available when needed.

Before deciding on the most suitable care option, it's important to consider factors such as the level of assistance required, budget constraints, and personal preferences. By comparing the costs and services offered by assisted living facilities, live-in caregivers, and 24-hour home care providers, you can make an informed choice that meets your specific care needs while staying within your financial means. Explore the various options available and consult with homecare professionals to determine the best care plan for yourself or your loved ones.

Home Care vs. Home Health Care

When comparing home care to home health care, there are key differences in terms of services provided, cost considerations for medical care, and the coverage available through Medicaid and Medicare.

Cost Considerations for Medical Care

Home care involves non-medical services such as assistance with activities of daily living, companionship, and housekeeping. As a result, the costs associated with home care are generally lower compared to home health care, which includes medical services provided by skilled professionals like nurses and therapists. The presence of medical services in home health care contributes to higher overall costs, making it a more expensive option for round-the-clock care.

Additionally, the specific services required in home health care, such as wound care, medication management, or physical therapy, can further impact the overall cost. It's essential to consider the individual's medical needs when determining the most suitable type of care and evaluating the associated expenses.

Coverage by Medicaid and Medicare

Medicaid and Medicare may offer coverage for certain aspects of home care and home health care, providing financial assistance to individuals in need of these services. In some cases, Medicaid may cover qualified home health care costs, offering a potential option for assistance in managing the expenses related to 24-hour home care [1].

However, it is important to note that the coverage provided by Medicaid and Medicare may vary based on individual circumstances, eligibility criteria, and the specific services required. Understanding the extent of coverage available through these programs can help individuals make informed decisions regarding their long-term care needs and financial planning.

When exploring the cost implications of home care versus home health care, it is essential to consider not only the immediate financial aspects but also the long-term implications of these care options. By assessing the level of support needed, the medical requirements of the individual, and the available coverage from Medicaid and Medicare, individuals can make informed choices to ensure that their care needs are met effectively and affordably.

Planning for Long-Term Care

For individuals considering home care assistance over an extended period, planning ahead is essential to ensure the sustainability of care and financial preparedness. Understanding the duration of home care services and analyzing cost trends for future projection are key aspects of planning for long-term care.

Duration of Home Care Services

The duration of in-home care services can vary based on individual needs and circumstances. According to A Place for Mom, on average, in-home care has a standard service time of 15-20 months. However, this duration may fluctuate depending on factors such as chronic conditions, the required level of assistance, and recovery timelines post-procedures like hip replacements. It's crucial for individuals and families to consider the potential longevity of care when developing a care plan and estimating associated costs.

Trend Analysis for Cost Projection

To make informed decisions regarding long-term care, analyzing cost trends is paramount. Genworth's Cost of Care Survey has been instrumental in providing insights into cost variations over time and across different care settings. This comprehensive survey, conducted since 2004, offers valuable data from 429 regions in the United States, based on the 382 U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). By reviewing this data, individuals can gain a deeper understanding of how care costs evolve by location, enabling them to anticipate future expenses and adjust their financial plans accordingly.

By examining both the expected duration of home care services and conducting a thorough analysis of cost trends through resources like the Genworth Cost of Care Survey, families can better prepare for the financial implications of long-term care. Being proactive in planning for extended care needs not only ensures a more seamless caregiving experience but also helps in making well-informed decisions regarding budgeting and resource allocation.

Economic Evaluation of Home Care


It is crucial to look at the economic evaluations that have been conducted to understand the value and efficiency of home care services in comparison to hospital care.

Cost-Effectiveness Studies

An analysis of multiple studies indicated that homecare interventions are not only likely to be cost-effective but in many cases, they have been found to be cost-saving when compared to hospital care [2]. Eight out of 14 reported studies conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis, with the remaining six focusing on cost-minimization analyses. These evaluations highlight the economic benefits and efficiency of home care services, especially for individuals requiring ongoing medical attention and support.

In-depth economic evaluations have categorized cost components into direct medical, indirect, and non-medical costs. The effectiveness of these interventions has been measured using quality-adjusted life years (QALY), providing a comprehensive assessment of the impact of home care services on the quality of life and economic outcomes for patients.

Comparison with Hospital Care

Studies comparing home care services with hospital care have shown promising results in favor of home care. In a systematic review of these studies, the results revealed that homecare was not only cost-saving in seven out of 14 studies but also cost-effective in two studies, and more effective in one study. This data suggests that home care interventions are not only economically appealing but can also provide comparable or even superior results to hospital care in certain cases.

The evidence from these studies emphasizes the potential of home care services to deliver high-quality care in a cost-effective manner. By choosing home care over hospital care, individuals can receive personalized and attentive support while enjoying the economic benefits associated with this form of care. The need for further research and standardization in economic evaluations is evident to enhance confidence in the decision-making process when considering homecare interventions.

References


[2]:

More Resources

Caregiver Training Programs

Caregiver Training Programs

Discover comprehensive caregiver training programs. From certification options to state-specific requirements, ensure top-notch care!

Nursing Home Alternatives

Nursing Home Alternatives

Discover nursing home alternatives that fit your loved one's needs. From small-scale care facilities to home care options, explore cost-effective and specialized alternatives.

Behavioral Health Services

Behavioral Health Services

Discover the world of behavioral health services and the evolving landscape of mental health treatment programs. Get the care you deserve.

Chronic Illness Management

Chronic Illness Management

Master chronic illness management for a better quality of life. Discover coping strategies, self-management support, and lifestyle changes.

Disability Rights Advocacy

Disability Rights Advocacy

Unveiling the power of disability rights advocacy: From legal frameworks to global movements, join the fight for inclusivity!

Family Caregiver Resources

Family Caregiver Resources

Discover valuable family caregiver resources for support, financial assistance, and respite care to ease the challenges of caregiving.

Direct Support Professionals

Direct Support Professionals

Discover the vital role of Direct Support Professionals in promoting independence and advocating for individuals with disabilities.

Supportive Care Assessments

Supportive Care Assessments

Unlock the power of supportive care assessments. Discover how they enhance patient experience and improve quality of life.

Adaptive Equipment Suppliers

Adaptive Equipment Suppliers

Discover top adaptive equipment suppliers for personalized mobility solutions. Access breakthrough technologies and insurance coverage considerations.

Mental Health Services NY

Mental Health Services NY

Discover comprehensive mental health services in NY to support your well-being. Access care, find resources, and navigate mental health laws.

Care Planning Consultants

Care Planning Consultants

Optimize your care planning with expert consultants. Discover the benefits and criteria for selecting the right professionals.

Patient-Centered Care Models

Patient-Centered Care Models

Discover patient-centered care models and their impact on empowering patients, improving outcomes, and enhancing the healthcare system.

Home Modifications NY

Home Modifications NY

Discover home modifications in NY for enhanced accessibility. From regulations to funding, find reliable contractors and tailored solutions here.

Disability Advocacy Groups

Disability Advocacy Groups

Discover the power of disability advocacy groups. Join the movement for inclusivity and empowerment. Find support and resources today.

Supportive Housing Programs

Supportive Housing Programs

Discover the power of supportive housing programs for stability, health, and thriving communities. Explore funding sources and success stories now!

Home Accessibility Audits

Home Accessibility Audits

Discover the power of home accessibility audits. Ensure compliance and improve user experience with expert guidance.

Community Living Services

Community Living Services

Discover the power of community living services in fostering independence and support. Enhance your quality of life today!

Disability Service Providers

Disability Service Providers

Discover disability service providers and support for a thriving community. Empowerment and assistance for individuals with disabilities.

Vocational Rehabilitation

Vocational Rehabilitation

Discover the power of vocational rehabilitation. From eligibility to success stories, unlock new career opportunities and overcome barriers to employment.

Personal Care Assistant Jobs

Personal Care Assistant Jobs

Discover rewarding personal care assistant jobs. From responsibilities to qualifications, explore the growing demand for PCAs.

Accessible Housing Solutions

Accessible Housing Solutions

Discover accessible housing solutions for all! From legal mandates to innovative designs, we've got you covered.

Home Care Agency for NHTD Waiver

Home Care Agency for NHTD Waiver

Discover the ideal home care agency for NHTD waiver with insights on services, eligibility, and benefits.

NHTD Waiver Challenges

NHTD Waiver Challenges

Navigating NHTD waiver challenges made easy! Learn about eligibility, financial aspects, and compliance with ease.

Care Coordination Agencies

Care Coordination Agencies

Discover care coordination agencies and their role in enhancing patient outcomes. Streamline care delivery and improve efficiency with care coordination software.

Home Healthcare Aides NY

Home Healthcare Aides NY

Discover the vital role of home healthcare aides in NY, from training requirements to the future outlook.

Adaptive Living Aids NY

Adaptive Living Aids NY

Discover adaptive living aids in NY! Explore customized mobility solutions, funding options, and the future of assistive technology.

Residential Care Facilities

Residential Care Facilities

Discover the benefits of residential care facilities for comprehensive care and a safe, supportive environment. Explore now!

Home Health Care Near Me

Home Health Care Near Me

Find reliable home health care near you. Explore services, costs, and career opportunities in the healthcare industry.

Aging Population Trends

Aging Population Trends

Unveiling aging population trends: global statistics, economic implications, and solutions for a changing future.

Healthcare Agencies Near Me

Healthcare Agencies Near Me

Discover healthcare agencies near you for top-notch care. Find services, coverage options, and quality ratings. Find your perfect match today!

Home Care Near Me

Home Care Near Me

Discover reliable home care near you. Find qualified caregivers, explore cost considerations, and top providers in the US.

Caregiver Agency Near Me

Caregiver Agency Near Me

Find the perfect caregiver agency near you! Discover services, financial assistance, and support programs for your loved ones.

Supportive Care Innovations

Supportive Care Innovations

Discover the future of healthcare with supportive care innovations. Explore emerging technologies and data-driven advancements.

Community Health Centers

Community Health Centers

Discover the impact and future of community health centers, addressing healthcare barriers and advocating for public well-being.

Home Health Aide Near Me

Home Health Aide Near Me

Find reliable home health aides near you. Discover their roles, benefits, and cost considerations for quality care.

Home Care Agency Near Me

Home Care Agency Near Me

Discover the best home care agency near you! From skilled services to daily living assistance, find the perfect care for your loved ones.

Home Care Assistance Near Me

Home Care Assistance Near Me

Discover reliable home care assistance near you. Get expert insights on licensing, Medicare certification, and cost factors in home care.

In Home Care Near Me

In Home Care Near Me

Discover quality in-home care near you. From coordinating care to financing options, find the support you need.

Elderly Home Care Near Me

Elderly Home Care Near Me

Discover personalized elderly home care near you. Compare options, costs, and choose the best care provider for your loved one.

Home Care Agencies Near Me

Home Care Agencies Near Me

Discover top home care agencies near you! From BAYADA Home Health Care to DispatchHealth, find the perfect care provider for your loved ones.

Disability Law Information

Disability Law Information

Unlock the power of disability law information. Gain insights into rights, protections, and legal frameworks for equal access.

Home Care Agencies Near Me

Home Care Agencies Near Me

Discover top-rated home care agencies near you! Find personalized care plans, qualified caregivers, and financial assistance options.

Nonprofit Disability Services

Nonprofit Disability Services

Discover the power of nonprofit disability services, from impact measurement to advocacy, creating inclusive communities for all.

Caregiving Agencies Near Me

Caregiving Agencies Near Me

Find top caregiving agencies near you! Discover qualified caregivers, testimonials, and the cost of home care services.

Senior In Home Care Near Me

Senior In Home Care Near Me

Find reliable senior in-home care near you. Discover customizable care plans and reputable providers for your loved ones.

Home Care Near Me

Home Care Near Me

Find reliable home care near you! Explore benefits, costs, and types of professionals to ensure quality care for your loved ones.

New York Health Care

New York Health Care

Discover the state of health care in New York. From addressing disparities to workforce investments, explore the landscape now.

Mobility Assistance Devices

Mobility Assistance Devices

Discover the world of mobility assistance devices and regain your independence. Explore canes, wheelchairs, and advanced assistive technologies.

Private Home Health Care Near Me

Private Home Health Care Near Me

Discover private home health care near you. Find personalized care plans and improved services for elderly patients.

Caregiving Companies Near Me

Caregiving Companies Near Me

Discover top caregiving companies near you! Get professional home care services and support for your loved ones' well-being.

Home Care for Seniors Near Me

Home Care for Seniors Near Me

Discover quality home care for seniors near you. Explore services, costs, and leading providers for comprehensive care.

Senior Home Care Services Near Me

Senior Home Care Services Near Me

Discover top-notch senior home care services near you. From Medicare coverage to caregiver certifications, find the quality care your loved ones deserve.

Home Healthcare Near Me

Home Healthcare Near Me

Find reliable home healthcare near you. Discover personalized care, cost-effectiveness, and peace of mind for caregivers.

Home Care Nursing Near Me

Home Care Nursing Near Me

Discover reliable home care nursing near you. Explore the benefits, services, and qualifications for top-notch in-home healthcare.

Private Home Care Near Me

Private Home Care Near Me

Discover private home care near you: flexible services, trustworthy providers, and affordable options for your loved ones.

Care Agencies Near Me

Care Agencies Near Me

Discover top-notch care agencies near you! Explore a range of services, Medicaid coverage, and client testimonials for peace of mind. Find the perfect care today!

NY Health Care

NY Health Care

Unlock the world of NY health care: From enrollment assistance to workforce investments, discover the impact of COVID-19 and more.

Elder Home Care Near Me

Elder Home Care Near Me

Discover personalized elder home care near you. Compare costs, services, and find the perfect solution for your loved ones.

NHTD Waiver Program Benefits

NHTD Waiver Program Benefits

Discover NHTD waiver program benefits, from personal empowerment to comprehensive services for participants.

NHTD Waiver Program Eligibility

NHTD Waiver Program Eligibility

Discover nhtd waiver program eligibility, including criteria and application steps for comprehensive care services.

NHTD Waiver Services Covered

NHTD Waiver Services Covered

Discover NHTD waiver services covered, eligibility criteria, and how to navigate the application process.

NHTD Waiver Program vs Home Care

NHTD Waiver Program vs Home Care

Explore the NHTD waiver program vs home care: discover benefits, services, and your best care options!

NHTD Waiver Financial Aspects

NHTD Waiver Financial Aspects

Explore NHTD waiver financial aspects, including funding, eligibility, and services for homecare support.

NHTD Waiver Program Success Stories

NHTD Waiver Program Success Stories

Discover inspiring NHTD waiver program success stories that highlight empowerment and improved quality of life.

Apply for NHTD Waiver Program

Apply for NHTD Waiver Program

Learn how to apply for NHTD Waiver Program and access essential homecare services with ease.

NHTD Waiver Application Process

NHTD Waiver Application Process

Discover the NHTD waiver application process, from eligibility to services, for a smoother experience.

NHTD Waiver FAQs

NHTD Waiver FAQs

Find answers in our NHTD waiver FAQs to navigate eligibility, benefits, and the application process confidently.

NHTD Waiver Caregiver Role

NHTD Waiver Caregiver Role

Explore the NHTD waiver caregiver role and discover how they empower participants in homecare services.

Elderly Personal Care Guide

Elderly Personal Care Guide

Discover the ultimate elderly personal care guide. From home safety to self-care, empower your loved ones with the knowledge they need.

Retirement Statistics

Retirement Statistics

Eye-opening retirement statistics revealed! Discover the truth about retirement savings, readiness, and more. Plan for your future today.

Hospice Care Statistics

Hospice Care Statistics

Unveiling hospice care statistics: Discover trends, insights, and the power of data in enhancing end-of-life care.

Palliative Care Information

Palliative Care Information

Discover essential palliative care information. Improve quality of life with symptom management and find providers near you.

In-Home Care Solutions

In-Home Care Solutions

Discover effective in-home care solutions for enhanced quality of life and personalized care services. Explore companion care, dementia care, and more.

Senior Vision Care

Senior Vision Care

Unlock the secrets to senior vision care. Discover age-related eye problems and the importance of regular exams for your loved ones.

Special Needs Care Providers

Special Needs Care Providers

Discover specialized special needs care providers. From education and training to effective communication strategies, find the right support for your loved ones.

Transitional Care Programs

Transitional Care Programs

Discover the power of transitional care programs, reducing hospital readmissions and enhancing patient outcomes.

Caregiver Respite Options

Caregiver Respite Options

Discover caregiver respite options to support those who care. Explore in-home and out-of-home respite care for a well-deserved break.

In-Home Caregiving Tips

In-Home Caregiving Tips

Discover expert in-home caregiving tips to ensure safety, effective communication, and stress management for your loved ones.

Managing Medications at Home

Managing Medications at Home

Discover effective strategies for managing medications at home. From pill organizers to cost considerations, stay in control of your health.

CDPAP Caregiver Requirements

CDPAP Caregiver Requirements

Discover the CDPAP caregiver requirements and learn how to become a certified personal assistant. Find out more now!

How to Fire a Caregiver

How to Fire a Caregiver

Discover how to fire a caregiver with confidence and professionalism. Navigate the process smoothly and protect your rights.

What are the Medical Power of Attorney Laws in Nevada?

What are the Medical Power of Attorney Laws in Nevada?

Discover Nevada's medical power of attorney laws! Understand the statutory form, designating agents, and the importance of POA.

Addressing Caregiver Guilt

Addressing Caregiver Guilt

Addressing caregiver guilt: Coping strategies, emotional challenges, and strategies for overcoming guilt. Find relief and support for your caregiving journey.

Home Health Care Physical Therapy

Home Health Care Physical Therapy

Unlock the power of home health care physical therapy. Discover the benefits, qualifications, and outcomes of at-home PT.

Flabby Arms Exercises

Flabby Arms Exercises

Say goodbye to flabby arms with these effective exercises! Tone and sculpt your arms with push-ups, tricep dips, and more. Get started today!

Hip Flexor Exercises for Aging Adults

Hip Flexor Exercises for Aging Adults

Empower aging adults with key hip flexor exercises! Improve mobility and strength for a vibrant lifestyle.

Effective Back Strengthening Exercises for Seniors

Effective Back Strengthening Exercises for Seniors

Empower your back with effective strengthening exercises for seniors. Improve posture, alleviate pain, and stay active!

9 Back Strengthening Exercises for Seniors

9 Back Strengthening Exercises for Seniors

Unveil the power of back strengthening exercises for seniors! Boost strength and mobility for a vibrant, active life.

Why Should Senior Citizens Perform Balance Exercises?

Why Should Senior Citizens Perform Balance Exercises?

Discover why senior citizens should prioritize balance exercises. Enhance stability, prevent injuries, and promote independence.

Physical Therapy Home Exercise Program

Physical Therapy Home Exercise Program

Unlock the power of healing at home with the best physical therapy home exercise program. Empower your recovery journey today!

Senior Home Exercise

Senior Home Exercise

Stay active and healthy with senior home exercise! Discover strength training, balance exercises, and more for older adults.

Senior Mobility Exercises

Senior Mobility Exercises

Improve senior mobility with effective exercises! Enhance stability, prevent falls, and stay active. Discover senior-friendly workouts now.

Cultural Competence in Care

Cultural Competence in Care

Unlock the power of cultural competence in care. Enhance patient outcomes and promote inclusivity for better healthcare.

Personalized Care Plans

Personalized Care Plans

Discover the power of personalized care plans. Improve patient outcomes with tailored interventions and proactive healthcare.

Dementia Care Plans

Dementia Care Plans

Unlock the power of personalized dementia care plans. Enhance quality of life and reduce healthcare utilization. Discover more!

Respite Care Services

Respite Care Services

Discover the benefits of respite care services for caregivers in New York. Find relief and enhance quality of life today!

Diabetes Care for Elderly

Diabetes Care for Elderly

Discover effective diabetes care for the elderly. From glycemic targets to lifestyle considerations, ensure their well-being.

Senior Mental Exercises

Senior Mental Exercises

Boost senior mental health with engaging exercises! Discover brain games, cognitive benefits, and more for a sharper mind.

Adaptive Equipment for Seniors

Adaptive Equipment for Seniors

Discover adaptive equipment for seniors - enhance independence with assistive technology and improve quality of life.

Senior Wound Care

Senior Wound Care

Discover effective senior wound care strategies. Improve patient outcomes with standardized practices and advanced technologies.